,5 ^^4^;^ v ^'^ ^.1*; ;»-;- i-^3 ^^^^ijii^w p',crushed, fine-grained rocks of late tertiary age. rocks suitable for use as concrete aggregate are scarce. in such an area, where natural aggregate materials are deficient, but where clay and shale are present, the develop ment of a light-weight aggregate industry offers a means of filling many of the demands for construction material..featherock, inc. - the lightweight, natural stone.,a rock for every project. boulders, planters, gravel, and more… featherock is the trademark name for a lightweight, natural volcanic stone called pumice. our stones are products of a rare volcanic occurrence, formed by a molten lava explosion 40,000 years ago which released gasses to create the distinctive spongy texture of featherock..
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2 use of recycled aggregates in construction contents executive summary 3 1 introduction 6 1.1 general 6 1.2 classification of aggregates 6 2 manufactured aggregates 7 2.1 foamed blast furnace slag (fbs) 7 2.2 fly ash aggregates 8 2.3 manufactured sand 8 2.4 polystyrene aggregate 9 2.5 expanded clays, shales and slates 10 3 recycled aggregates 10
father of lightweight aggregate. the original u.s. patent on the rotary kiln process for manufacturing “haydite” expanded shale clay and slate (escs) was awarded to stephen hayde on february 18, 1918. hayde had considerable practical knowledge of construction and construction problems, coupled with an inquiring, inventive and resourceful mind.
in fact, the original us patent on the rotary kiln process for manufacturing haydite expanded shale clay and slate (escs) was awarded to stephen hayde on february 18, 1918. here’s a brief look back at the father of lightweight aggregate and the material he invented. the son of irish immigrants, stephen j hayde, was born in 1861 in keokuk, iowa.
shale is a sedimentary rock: hardened layers of clay, silt and other minerals — essentially very old mud. when crushed and fired in a rotary kiln at 2,000 degrees fahrenheit, tiny air spaces in the shale expand like rice krispies. the result — expanded or vitrified shale — is a lightweight, gray gravel.
specialize in the manufacture of haydite expanded shale lightweight aggregate with the construction of two small rotary kilns. in 1971, a large 13-foot diameter kiln was constructed and two smaller were kilns shut down. manufacturing capacity exceeds 250,000 tons per year. haydite, which is one-half the unit weight of regular stone, is
leca ® lwa insulation fill - super-lightweight expanded clay aggregate formulated with a non-toxic water-repellent coating, specifically designed to help prevent moisture wicking under poured concrete slabs and construction voids. delivered in 50ltr packs for ease on placement direct to application. pack volume: 50 ltrs (approximately three times the volume of a pack of 'normal' aggregates
2.18 lightweight aggregate— lightweight aggregate consists of expanded shale, clay, or slate, and is produced by the rotary kiln method. 2.19 limestone rock asphalt—limestone rock asphalt is limestone impregnated with naturally occurring asphalt. 2.20 lithification—lithification is the process of hardening, induration, and compaction of
amount of the aggregate is permitted to pass. maximum aggregate size (superpave) – one size larger than the nominal maximum aggregate size. nominal maximum aggregate size (superpave) – one size larger than the first sieve that retains more than 10% aggregate. apparatus . containers, pails or bags . shovel . scoop or spoon . brush . sampling
nordberg (1) in describing a lightweight aggregate plant made the following state ment: 'shale is trucked to the plant, crushed through hammermills, screened into four sizes and fed into separate kilns and calcined at 1900 f. an innovation is the slak ing of the calcined shale for the removal of free lime.' from this statement, it appears
such as lightweight aggregates, bricks, tiles and autoclave blocks. 2. shahul hameed et al (2012) have done the experiment to study the feasibility of the usage of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as hundred percent substitutes for natural sand in concrete. two sample of m20 mixes were prepared using grade-43 opc, one with quarry dust and
this paper presents statistical models developed to study the influence of key mix design parameters on the properties of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (lwscc) with expanded shale (esh) aggregates. twenty lwscc mixtures are designed and tested, where responses (properties) are evaluated to analyze influence of mix design parameters and develop the models.
use of lightweight aggregates research project number 2-14-63-51 sponsored by 14. aggregate being spread by hand on asphalt coated board -----28 15. the use of one producer• s lightweight aggregate (expanded shale) as
escs lightweight aggregate geotechnical fill jody wall, p.e reid castrodale, phd, p.e. mold using a funnel or a hand scoop to place material in the mold. if a funnel is used, and t.a. holm; geotechnical properties of expanded shale lightweight aggregate, geotechnical testing journal , astm, vol. 13, no.1, march 1990,
kentucky rock asphalt, and lightweight synthetic (expanded shale) aggregate were found to offer high levels of sharpness and angularity. photographs and descriptions of the sands are contained in appendix b. the sands were visually arrayed according to
the crushed-rock and gravel aggregates had dry ing shrinkages of less than 450 x 10 -ewhen determined in accordance with the test method prescribed for this 258 lightweight structural concrete with aglite aggregate dhir, mays and chua o x el u~ 800 60~ 400 200 i adecl0g scare), days purpose in the building research digest 35 [34], and therefore are deemed as class 1 aggregates, suitable for
using lightweight mortar for various structural and nonstructural applications provides many advantages such as high specific strength (i.e. strength to density ratio) as well as good heat insulation. on the other hand, recent researches showed that
rock, purity, surface texture, gradation and so on. basically three classes of aggregates are identified depending on their weight: light weight, normal weight and heavy weight. lightweight aggregates are aggregates whose maximum dry loose bulk density is about 880kg/m 3 for course aggregates and 1040kg/m 3 for all-in aggregates [1].
shale. 2.4–2.8. slate. 2.7–2.8. as you can see, rocks of the same type can have a range of densities. this is partly due to different rocks of the same type containing different proportions of minerals. granite, for example, can have a quartz content anywhere between 20% and 60%.
and sustainable structural lightweight aggregate concrete. the densities of both aggregates were also found in the suitable range of structural lightweight aggregates. recent studies (aslam et al. 2015; shafigh et al. 2014a) have showed that the ops and opbc can be used as lightweight aggregate to produce high strength lightweight concrete.
stephen j. hayde: father of the lightweight concrete industry. from the remnants in a brick cull pile, lightweight aggregate was developed. by t.w. bremner and john ries. builders have long recognized the importance of reducing the density of concrete while maintaining its durability and strength. the romans used natural deposits of vesicular
shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call 'mud.' this composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as 'mudstones.' shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated. 'laminated' means that the rock is
the most commonly used aggregates—sand, gravel, crushed stone, and air-cooled blast-furnace slag—produce freshly mixed normal-weight concrete with a density (unit weight) of 2200 to 2400 kg/m. 3 (140 to 150 lb/ft. 3). aggregates of expanded shale, unit weights of aggregates 123hotelzoeker.
processed or synthetic aggregate concrete. for some lightweight concrete formulations, either processed by-products or synthetic material is used to form the aggregate. expanded shale or clay – prepared shale or clay materials are heated, which expand the materials as the gasses within expand.
lightweight pieces 0.25 1.0 pieces after 48 hours if the material has not deteriorated, then the shale will be broken down by hand pressure. if the material retained on the 3/4 inch (19.0 mm) 703.19 rock and aggregate materials for item 601.
